奥格登基础英语 850 词
# 奥格登基础英语 850 词（Ogden's Basic English）
Charles Kay Ogden 于 1930 年提出 Basic English：使用 850 个基础词及配套语法，通过组合和释义表达更多概念。它是一套简化英语体系，不代表背完词表就能理解 90% 的日常英语。 结构：100 操作词 + 600 事物词 + 150 性质词 = 850 词
# 一、OPERATIONS 操作词（100 词）
# 18 个核心动词（Operators）
Basic English 的核心操作词，包括动词及 may、will 等助动词；练习用这些词与名词、介词组合表达动作。
| be | come | do | get | give | go |
| have | keep | let | make | may | put |
| say | see | seem | send | take | will |
# 介词 / 方向词（Prepositions & Direction）
| about | across | after | against | among |
| at | before | between | by | down |
| from | in | into | near | of |
| off | on | out | over | through |
| till | to | under | up | with |
| within | without |
# 连词（Conjunctions）
and, because, but, for, if, or, so, than, that, though, when, while
# 其他操作词
a, the, all, almost, as, back, certain, clearly, completely, different, early, enough, equally, ever, every, far, first, forward, generally, here, how, last, late, little, long, more, most, much, necessary, no, not, now, one, only, opposite, other, perhaps, quite, right, same, second, self, short, still, such, then, there, very, well, what, where, who, why, yes, yet
# 二、THINGS 事物词（600 词）
# 2.1 综合事物词（General Things，400 词）
不易用图片表达的名词：概念、过程、关系、抽象事物等
A account, act, addition, adjustment, advertisement, agreement, air, amount, amusement, animal, answer, apparatus, approval, argument, art, attack, attempt, attention, attraction, authority
B back, balance, base, behavior, belief, birth, bite, blood, blow, body, brass, bread, brother, building, burn, burst, business
C care, cause, chalk, chance, change, chemistry, child, circle, coal, comfort, committee, comparison, competition, condition, connection, control, cook, copper, copy, cord, cotton, cover, curve
D damage, danger, daughter, death, decision, degree, design, development, direction, discovery, discussion, disease, disgust, distance, distribution, division, drink, driving, dust
E earth, edge, education, effect, end, error, event, example, exchange, existence, expansion, experience, expert
F fall, family, father, fear, feeling, fiction, field, fight, fire, flesh, flight, flower, fold, food, force, form, friend, front, fruit
G glass, gold, grain, group, growth
H help, history, hole, humor
I idea, impulse, increase, industry, ink, instrument, interest, invention
J journey, judge, jump
K kick, knowledge
L land, language, lead, learning, letter, level, light, limit, linen, liquid, list, loss, love
M manager, mass, meal, meeting, memory, metal, middle, milk, mind, minute, mist, money, month, morning, motion, mountain, music
N need, news, night, note, number
O observation, offer, oil, opinion, order, organization
P pain, payment, peace, person, picture, place, plane, plant, play, point, poison, powder, price, print, process, produce, profit, property, prose, protest, purpose
Q quality, question
R rain, rate, reason, record, relation, religion, representative, request, respect, rest, reward, rice, right, river, road, roll, ruin, rule
S sail, science, season, secret, selection, sense, servant, shade, shame, sign, silver, sleep, slope, smoke, snow, society, son, sort, sound, soup, space, stage, start, steam, steel, stop, story, stretch, structure, substance, sugar, suggestion, surprise
T taste, tax, teaching, tendency, thought, thunder, touch, trade, transport, trick, trouble, turn, twist
U unit, use
V value, verse, view, voice
W walk, waste, water, weather, weight, wife, wind, word, work, wound, writing
Y year
# 2.2 图形事物词（Picturable Things，200 词）
可以用图片直接表达的名词：具体物品、生物、场所等
A angle, ant, apple, arch, arm, army
B bag, ball, band, basin, basket, bath, bed, bee, bell, berry, bird, blade, board, boat, bone, book, boot, bottle, box, boy, brain, brake, branch, brick, bridge, broom, brush, bucket, bulb, button
C camera, card, cart, chain, cheese, cherry, chest, chin, church, clock, cloth, collar, comb, cow, cup, curtain, cushion
D dog, door, drain, drawer, dress, drop, drum
E ear, egg, engine, eye
F face, farm, feather, finger, fish, flag, floor, fly, foot, fork, fowl
G garden, gate, girl, glove, goat, gun
H hair, hammer, hand, hat, head, heart, hook, horn, horse
I iron, island
J jug
K kettle, key, knee, knife
L leaf, leg, library, lock
M map, match, monkey, mouth, muscle
N nail, neck, needle, net, nose, nut
O orange
P pan, paper, pen, pencil, pig, pin, plate, plough, pocket, pot, potato, pump
R rail, rat, ring, rod, roof, root, rope
S school, scissors, screw, seed, sheep, shelf, ship, shirt, shoe, skin, skirt, sleeve, snake, sock, spade, sponge, spoon, spring, square, stamp, star, stem, stick, stocking, stomach, street, sun
T table, tail, thread, throat, thumb, ticket, toe, tongue, tooth, town, tray, tree, trousers
U umbrella
W wall, watch, wheel, whip, whistle, window, wine, wing, wire, worm
# 三、QUALITIES 性质词（150 词）
# 3.1 综合性质词（General Qualities，100 词）
描述事物状态和性质的形容词
able, acid, angry, automatic, beautiful, black, boiling, bright, broken, brown, cheap, chemical, chief, clean, clear, common, complex, conscious, cut, dependent, early, elastic, electric, equal, fat, feeble, female, fertile, first, fixed, flat, free, frequent, full, general, good, great, grey, hanging, happy, hard, healthy, high, hollow, important, kind, like, living, long, male, married, material, medical, military, natural, necessary, new, normal, open, parallel, past, physical, political, poor, possible, present, private, probable, quick, quiet, ready, red, regular, responsible, right, round, same, second, serious, sharp, smooth, solid, special, sticky, stiff, straight, strong, sudden, sweet, tall, thick, tight, tired, true, violent, waiting, warm, wet, wide, wise, yellow, young
# 3.2 对比性质词（Opposite Qualities，50 词）
表达对立概念的形容词，与前 100 个搭配使用
awake, bad, bent, bitter, blue, certain, cold, complete, cruel, dark, dead, dear, delicate, different, dirty, dry, false, far, foolish, future, green, ill, last, late, left, loose, loud, low, mixed, narrow, old, opposite, public, rough, sad, safe, secret, short, shut, simple, slow, small, soft, stupid, thin, together, uncertain, violent, wrong
# 四、字母顺序总览（Alphabetical Index）
A a, able, about, account, acid, across, act, addition, adjustment, advertisement, after, against, agreement, air, all, almost, among, amount, amusement, and, angle, animal, answer, ant, any, apparatus, approval, arch, argument, arm, army, art, as, at, attack, attempt, attention, attraction, authority, automatic, awake
B back, bad, bag, balance, ball, band, basin, basket, bath, be, beautiful, because, bed, bee, behavior, belief, bell, bent, berry, between, bird, birth, bite, bitter, black, blade, blood, blow, blue, board, boat, body, boiling, bone, book, boot, bottle, box, boy, brain, brake, branch, brass, bread, brick, bridge, bright, broken, brother, broom, brown, brush, bucket, building, bulb, burn, burst, business, but, button, by
C camera, card, care, cart, cause, certain, chain, chalk, chance, change, cheap, chemical, cheese, cherry, chest, chief, child, chin, church, circle, clean, clear, clock, cloth, coal, collar, cold, color, comb, come, comfort, committee, common, comparison, competition, complex, condition, connection, conscious, control, cook, copper, copy, cord, cotton, cover, cruel, cup, curtain, curve, cushion, cut
D damage, danger, dark, daughter, dead, dear, decision, degree, delicate, dependent, design, development, different, direction, dirty, discovery, discussion, disease, disgust, distance, distribution, division, do, dog, door, drain, drawer, dress, drink, driving, drop, drum, dry
E ear, early, edge, education, effect, egg, elastic, electric, end, engine, enough, equal, error, event, example, exchange, existence, expansion, experience, expert, eye
F face, fall, false, family, far, farm, fat, father, fear, feeble, feather, female, fertile, fiction, field, fight, finger, fire, first, fish, fixed, flag, flat, flesh, flight, floor, flower, fly, fold, food, foot, for, force, fork, form, fowl, free, frequent, friend, from, front, fruit, full, future
G garden, gate, general, get, girl, give, glass, glove, go, goat, gold, good, grain, great, green, grey, group, growth, gun
H hair, hammer, hand, hanging, happy, hard, have, hat, head, healthy, heart, help, high, history, hole, hollow, hook, horn, horse, humor
I idea, ill, important, impulse, in, increase, industry, ink, instrument, interest, into, invention, iron, island
J journey, judge, jump, jug
K keep, kettle, key, kick, kind, knee, knife, knowledge
L land, language, last, late, lead, leaf, learning, left, leg, let, letter, level, library, light, limit, linen, liquid, list, little, like, living, lock, long, loose, loud, loss, love, low
M make, male, manager, map, married, mass, match, material, may, meal, medical, meeting, memory, metal, middle, military, milk, mind, minute, mist, mixed, money, monkey, month, morning, motion, mountain, mouth, much, muscle, music
N nail, narrow, natural, necessary, neck, need, needle, net, new, news, night, no, normal, not, note, number, nose, nut
O observation, offer, oil, old, open, opinion, opposite, or, order, organization, orange, out, over
P pain, pan, paper, parallel, past, payment, peace, pen, pencil, person, physical, picture, pig, pin, place, plane, plant, plate, play, plough, pocket, point, poison, political, poor, possible, pot, potato, present, price, print, private, probable, process, produce, profit, property, prose, protest, public, pump, purpose, put
Q quality, question, quick, quiet
R rail, rain, rate, rat, ready, reason, record, red, regular, relation, religion, representative, request, respect, rest, reward, rice, right, ring, river, road, rod, roll, roof, root, rope, rough, ruin, rule
S sad, safe, sail, school, scissors, screw, secret, seed, seem, selection, send, sense, serious, servant, shade, shame, sharp, sheep, shelf, ship, shirt, shoe, short, shut, sign, silver, simple, skin, skirt, sleeve, sleep, slope, slow, small, smoke, smooth, snake, snow, sock, soft, solid, society, son, sort, sound, soup, space, spade, special, sponge, spoon, spring, square, stage, stamp, star, start, steam, steel, stem, stick, sticky, stiff, stocking, stomach, stop, story, straight, stretch, strong, structure, stupid, substance, sugar, suggestion, sun, sudden, sweet, surprise
T table, tail, take, taste, tax, teaching, tendency, thick, thin, thought, thread, throat, thumb, ticket, tight, tired, to, toe, tongue, tooth, town, tray, tree, trick, trouble, true, trousers, turn, twist
U umbrella, under, unit, up, use
V value, verse, view, violent, voice
W waiting, walk, wall, warm, waste, watch, water, weather, weight, well, wet, wheel, whip, whistle, wide, wife, wind, wine, wing, wire, wise, with, within, without, word, work, worm, wound, writing
Y year, yellow, yes, yet, young
# 五、学习建议
| 阶段 | 建议 |
|---|---|
| 第一步 | 先记住 18 个核心动词，掌握它们的基本用法 |
| 第二步 | 学习 100 个操作词（介词、连词等），这些是句子骨架 |
| 第三步 | 按场景分批记忆图形事物词（200词），结合图片记忆效率最高 |
| 第四步 | 补充综合事物词和性质词，完成 850 词体系 |
| 核心思想 | 用这 850 词替换生僻词，锻炼用简单词表达复杂意思的能力 |